Traumatic Pseudoaneurysms of the Head in War Time: Report of Two Unusual Cases.

Either intracranial or extracranial pseudoaneurysms due to penetrating head injuries with gunshot are very rare entities. As the pseudoaneurysms of the superficial temporal artery are represented commonly with a pulsating mass lesion beneath scalp, the intracranial pseudoaneurysms are represented with symptoms including decreased conscious level, seizure, or focal neurological deficits. Here, two patients with combat related pseudoaneurysms are reported; one was in distal cortical branch of anterior cerebral artery and one was in superficial temporal artery. Both of the cases were victims of Libyan war. One was admitted with a swelling in his scalp and a pseudoaneurysms on parietal branch of superficial temporary artery diagnosed with computed tomography; and the other was incidentally diagnosed on distal cortical branch of anterior cerebral artery during operation for removal of an intracranial bullet. Both of the aneurysms treated with surgical excision without any complication.

Gamma Knife treatment of low-grade gliomas in children.

BACKGROUND: Low-grade gliomas have good overall survival rates in pediatric patients compared to adults. There are some case series that reported the effectiveness and safety of Gamma Knife radiosurgery, yet they are limited in number of patients. We aimed to review the relevant literature for pediatric low-grade glial tumors treated with stereotactic radiosurgery, specifically Gamma Knife radiosurgery, and to present an exemplary case. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 6-year-old boy was admitted to clinic due to head trauma. He was alert, cooperative, and had no obvious motor or sensorial deficit. A head CT scan depicted a hypodense zone at the right caudate nucleus. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) depicted a mass lesion at the same location. A stereotactic biopsy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was low-grade astrocytoma (grade II, World Health Organization (WHO) classification, 2007). Gamma Knife radiosurgery was applied to the tumor bed. Tumor volume was 21.85 cm(3). Fourteen gray was given to 50% isodose segment of the lesion (maximal dose of 28 Gy). The tumor has disappeared totally in 4 months, and the patient was tumor-free 21 months after the initial treatment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The presented literature review represents mostly single-center experiences with different patient and treatment characteristics. Accordingly, a mean/median margin dose of 11.3-15 Gy with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is successful in treatment of pediatric and adult low-grade glial tumor patients. However, prospective studies with a large cohort of pediatric patients should be conducted to make a more comprehensive conclusion for effectiveness and safety of GKRS in pediatric low-grade glial tumors.

Oncocytoma of the parotid gland complicated by hypercalcemia: a case report.

Salivary gland tumors are rare head and neck tumors. The majority of these tumors are benign and include pleomorphic adenoma, monomorphic adenoma, oncocytoma, and papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum. Oncocytoma is a rare benign salivary gland tumor. In this article, we report a 69-year-old female case of oncocytoma of the right parotid gland in whom fine needle aspiration cytology result was reported as a Warthin's tumor.

Preliminary study on durability of nail as xenograft.

In reconstructive surgery, many autograft/allograft/xenograft and synthetic materials are being used for repairing congenital or acquired tissue and skeletal deformities. Compatibility of the graft or the material to the tissue, the risk or rejection, toxicity, and morbidity affect the preference. With the aim of searching the usability of human cadaver nail being used as xenograft instead of cartilage graft on small and composite defects, 60 rats were separated into 3 groups, each of which was composed of 20 rats. One hundred twenty nail samples of 1 × 1-cm size, whose epithelium tissue was shaved 2-sided, were prepared for the purpose of placing 2 of them into the back of rats. They were placed under the dorsal skin of rats as naked in the first group, as fascia-wrapped in the second group, and as amnion membrane-wrapped in the third group. It has been stated as a result of the pathologic surveys performed in 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks from rats in all groups that all the nails were available; acute and chronic inflammatory signs that were observed in early stages regressed, and in late stages, histopathologic signs of all groups were similar. Nail has some advantages such as being cost-effective, being easy to obtain, and having less rejection risk for being composed of dead cells. Application of nail xenograft eroded 2-sided can be taken into account instead of cartilage graft in small-size areas needing support tissue.

Combined use of histopathology with touch smear cytology in biopsies of the larynx.

The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the effectiveness of combined use of histopathology with cytology in biopsies of the larynx. Biopsies taken for this purpose are studied by using two different methods and the results are evaluated. One hundred and thirty-five patients with suspected malignant laryngeal lesions were examined by direct microlaryngoscopy for primary diagnosis. Each lesion was biopsied first. Subsequently touch smear cytology was obtained from the biopsies. In all cases, cytologic slides (one or two per biopsy) were screened and compared to corresponding biopsies. Lesions were categorized as benign, laryngeal intraepithelial neoplasia and malignant. Results obtained were compared with surgical samples obtained from patients who have undergone surgery. In other cases, where surgery was not applied, results of the follow-up were evaluated. In larynx biopsies the results for histopathology were as follows: sensitivity 93.9%, specificity 100% and accuracy 96.3%. The results for cytology were as follows: sensitivity 82.5%, specificity 94.5% and accuracy 87.4%. A comparison of cytologic evaluation versus histopathologic evaluation in laryngeal biopsies reveals that histopathology is superior. According to the study results, in 88.9% (120/135) of the cases the agreement between cytological and histopathological results was found. In two other cases (1.5%) cytologic evaluation contributed to the histopathologic diagnosis.